AA/RP: The “European Silk Road” is considered one of Europe’s most exciting infrastructure projects. For Bulgaria, is it the greatest opportunity or the greatest risk if the country misses out?
MH: For countries located somewhat outside Europe’s geographic center, it is certainly a major opportunity. A modern high-speed rail connection would enhance Bulgaria’s role as a bridge between Central Europe and the Black Sea.
If the route were extended beyond EU borders to Istanbul, it could be seen as a modern Orient Express – a symbol of exchange and connectivity.
Additionally, an efficient rail connection could reduce air traffic, making a significant contribution to environmental protection.
AA/RP: What three infrastructure priorities should Bulgaria set to become more than just a transit country?
MH: First, local infrastructure: roads, especially in cities, need modernization. Many places still face traffic jams and congestion, which reduce productivity. Second, the rail network should be strengthened, connecting not only major cities but also regional centers. Third, energy infrastructure is crucial for sustainable growth. Bulgaria has enormous potential in solar and wind energy. The challenge will be integrating these decentralized sources efficiently into the grid so they can be used effectively.
AA/RP: In education and research – where do you see the greatest joint potential between Austria and Bulgaria?
MH: Austria is known for its strong dual education system, combining theory and practice. This model could help Bulgaria better prepare young professionals for the labor market. There is already knowledge transfer between the two countries, but this could be deepened further – for example, through joint vocational schools or innovation programs. Austria can also learn from Bulgaria, which has a long tradition of excellence in mathematics and science education. Specialized high-level schools are common, and exchange programs, potentially including shared curricula, would benefit both countries.
AA/RP: Finally – what three things personally impress you most about Bulgaria?
MH: Sofia stands out. There are few large cities in Southeast Europe, and its location at the foot of the Vitosha Mountain is unique. From the city center, the mountains are visible directly – it’s breathtaking.
The cultural scene is fascinating as well: at the National Gallery, I saw works by Bulgarian painters who are hardly known internationally but are of remarkable quality.
The Black Sea coast is also striking – both as a tourist destination and for its economic importance.
And the cuisine: it’s a unique take on Southeast European food – familiar yet with its own distinctive character.
Culturally, Bulgaria and Austria share a long tradition, particularly in publishing and literature. These historical ties, dating back to the 19th century, could serve today as a bridge for new forms of cooperation.
AA/RP: Thank you very much for the conversation.
